In April, the production of cereals, legumes and oilseeds estimated for 2025 added up to 328.4 million tonnes, 12.2% higher than that obtained in 2024 (292.7 million tonnes), with a growth of 35.7 million tonnes, and 0.2% above that reported in March, an increase of 732.7 thousand tonnes.

The area to be harvested was 81.0 million hectares, which represented an increase (2.5%) over the area harvested in 2024, with a growth of 2.0 million hectares, remaining stable (0.0%) in relation to March, with an increase of 65 thousand hectares.

The three main products, rice, corn and soybeans, together, represented 92.7% of the production estimate and accounted for 87.7% of the area to be harvested. Compared with 2024, increases of 4.3% were registered in the area to be harvested of upland cottonseed,10.3% of paddy rice, 3.0% of soybeans, 3.0% of corn (drop of 3.2% in corn - 1st crop and of 4.7% in corn - 2nd crop), and 1.4% of sorghum, and declines of 5.4% in brans and of 8.8% in wheat.

Concerning the output, increases of 2.8% were recorded for upland cottonseed; of 12.2% for paddy rice; of 4.3% for beans, of 13.3% for soybeans, of 11.8% for corn (growth of 12.5% for corn - 1st crop and of 11.6% for corn - 2nd crop), of 3.2% for sorghum and of 7.0% for wheat.

The April´s estimate for the production of soybeans was 164.2 million tonnes. As for corn, the estimate was 128.2 million tonnes (25.8 million tonnes for corn - first crop and 102.5 million tonnes for corn - 2nd crop). The output of paddy rice was estimated at 11.9 million tonnes, that of wheat, at 8.1 million tonnes, that of upland cottonseed, at 9.1 million tonnes and that of sorghum, at 4.1 million tonnes.

The production estimate of cereals, legumes and oilseeds recorded a positive annual change in five Major Regions: Central-West (14.5%), South (8.9%), Southeast (13.6%), Northeast (8.8%) and North (11.0%). As to the monthly change, the North Region (4.3%) and South Region (0.4%) increased. The Southeast and Central-West regions remained stable (0.0%), whereas the Northeast declined (-1.5%).

Mato Grosso leads the national production of grains with a share of 30.8%, followed by Paraná (13.7%), Goiás (11.7%), Rio Grande do Sul (10.1%), Mato Grosso do Sul (7.6%) and Minas Gerais (5.5%). These states together accounted for 79.4% of the total. The regional share showed the following distribution: Central-West (50.4%), South (26.0%), Southeast (8.9%), Northeast (8.5%) and North (6.2%).

Highlights in the April 2025 estimate in relation to the previous month

In relation to March, the production estimates of oat (4.2% or 47,832 t), coffea arabica (3.5% or 74,781 t), grapes (1.9% or 37,814 t), corn - 1st crop (1.0% or 257,304 t), corn - 2nd crop (0.7% or 692,631 t), cashew nuts (0.6% or 809 t), barley (0.3% or 1,422 t), coffea canephora (0.0% or 75 t) increased; whereas beans - 2nd crop (-4.3% or –56,562 t), beans - 1st crop (-3.9% or –47,063 t), cocoa (-2.5% or –7,349 t), wheat (-1.0% or –84,292 t), sorghum (-0.6% or –22,749 t), soybeans (-0.0% or –69,649 t) declined.

Among the Major Regions, the volume of the production of cereals, legumes and oilseeds showed the following distribution: Central-West, 165.5 million tonnes (50.4%), South, 85.3 million tonnes (26.0%), Southeast, 29.3 million tonnes (8.9%), Northeast, 28.1 million tonnes (8.2%) and North, 20.2 million tonnes (6.2%).

The main absolute positive changes in the output estimates, over the previous month, occurred in Pará (936,805 t), Paraná (288.800 t), Bahia (274,310 t), Ceará (140,904 t), Santa Catarina (37,246 t), Rondônia (19,301 t), Maranhão (3,605 t), whereas the negative changes occurred in Piauí (-737,613 t), Tocantins (-115,266 t), Pernambuco (-66,883 t), Paraíba (-27,599 t), Goiás (-16,286 t), Acre (-1,830 t) Rio Grande do Norte (-1,556 t), Amazonas (-884 t), Amapá (-265 t) and Rio de Janeiro (-54 t).

COCOA NUT - The estimate for the Brazilian production of cocoa was of 292.2 thousand tonnes, reducing 2.5% in relation to the previous month due to the smaller productivity of the crops, with reassessments in the States of Pará and Amazonas. It is expected to increase 1.5% in relation to the previous year, due to a larger planted area, which grew 1.6%.

COFFEE BEAN - Considering the two species, arabica and canephora, the Brazilian production was estimated at 3.3 million tonnes or 55.0 million 60-kg sacks, an increase of 2.3% in relation to the previous month, having the average yield increased at this same rate and the harvested area remaining stable (0.0%). Compared with 2024, the output estimate declined 3.6%, explained by the drops of 1.3% in the area to be harvested and of 2.3% in the average yield.

The estimated production of coffea arabica was of 2.2 million tonnes or 37.0 million 60-kg sacks, an increase of 3.5% against the previous month, and a decline of 7.5% in relation to the volume produced in 2024. The average yield of 1,464 kg/ha showed an increase of 3.5% in relation to March and a decline of 5.5% in relation to the previous year. The 2025 harvest expects a negative biennial bearing, i.e., a natural drop in the output due to the characteristics of this species, which tends to be more productive in even years, jeopardizing the production in the next year as a consequence of an increased depletion of the plants.

For coffea canephora, the production estimate was 1.1 million tonnes or 18.0 million 60-kg sacks, a growth of 5.5% in relation to the volume produced in 2024, with increases of 1.5% in the area to be harvested and of 3.9% in the average yield. As the prices of conillon have a fair profitability, producers invested more in the crop and in the fertilization, which resulted in an improved productivity. It should also be highlighted that the volumes of rainfall in the major producing municipalities were fair as a whole, despite the delay in some of them.

CASHEW NUTS - The April´s production estimate for the production of cashew nuts was 141.1 thousand tonnes, a growth of 0.6% over the previous month. The area to be harvested and the average yield increased 0.1% and 0.3%, respectively. However, the output should be reduced by 12.4% in the annual comparison, especially due to a lower average yield (-13.1%). The area to be harvested tends to increase 0.7%, though an insufficient percentage to deter the decline in the output.

WINTER CEREALS (grain) - The main winter cereals produced in Brazil are wheat, white oat and barley. For wheat (grain), the estimated production reached 8.1 million tonnes, a decline of 1.0% in relation to the previous month and a growth of 7.0% in relation to 2024.

The output of oat (in grain) was estimated at 1.2 million tonnes, an increase of 4.2% over the previous month and of 12.8% in relation to the volume harvested in 2024. The average yield, of 2,197 kg/ha, declined 1.7% in relation to the previous month, whereas the harvested area should grow 6.0% in this comparison. The average yield and the area to be harvested are increasing 6.6% and 5.8%, respectively, in relation to the previous year.

As for barley grain, the estimated output was 544.6 thousand tonnes, an increase of 0.3% in relation to the previous month and of 30.8% in relation to the volume produced in 2024. The planted area and the average yield recorded an increase of 14.1% and 14.7%, respectively, in the annual comparison. The biggest producers of barley were Paraná, with 413.8 thousand tonnes, an increase of 44.1% in relation to 2024, and should account for 76.0% of the Brazilian harvest in 2025; and Rio Grande do Sul, with a production of 109.7 thousand tonnes, an increase of 0.5% in relation to what was produced in 2024. The output in Rio Grande do Sul should account for 20.1% of the total barley produced in 2025 in Brazil.

BEAN SEED - Three harvests comprise the Brazilian production of beans, highlighted by the second crop, which has been gaining importance over the last year, due to the preference of producers in cropping soybeans in the summer harvest (first crop) as it is more profitable and liquid in the market. Considering the three harvests, the estimate for the output of beans should reach 3.2 million tonnes, a decline of 3.1% in relation to March and a growth of 4.3% over the 2024 harvest. This production should address the Brazilian domestic consumption in 2025, not requiring importing the product.

The estimate for the first crop of beans was 1.2 million tonnes, representing 36.2% of the national share among the three crops, being 3.9% smaller than the March´s survey. This comparison showed a growth of 3.5% in the average yield and a drop of 7.2% in the harvested area.

The second crop of beans was estimated at 1.3 million tonnes, corresponding to 39.0% of share among the three crops. Compared with March, the production estimate reduced 4.3%, explained by the reduction in the area to be harvested (-1.0%) and by the forecast for the average yield (-3.2%).

Concerning the third crop of beans, the April´s production estimate was 801.4 thousand tonnes, remaining stable in relation to the previous month. It should be noted that Goiás and Minas Gerais are the Federation Units that mostly contribute to this crop, accounting for 30.6% of the share (245.0 thousand tonnes) and 25.4% (203.8 thousand tonnes), respectively.

CORN (grain) - The production estimate of corn was 128.2 million tonnes, representing an increase of 0.7% against the previous month and of 11.8% in relation to the volume produced in 2024. The area to be harvested increased 3.0%, whereas average yield increased 8.6% in this last comparison, and should hit 5,834 kg/ha. In 2024, the output of this cereal was affected by weather problems in several Federation Units and it should recover in 2025.

Corn - 1st crop registered a production estimate of 25.8 million tonnes, an increase of 1.0% in relation to March, and of 12.5% in relation to the volume produced in 2024. In that crop, the planted area should fall 2.1%, whereas the average yield should grow 16.3%, due to the weather, which has been benefiting the crops in most Federation Units. The estimate rose in all the Major Regions: North (20.1%), Northeast (10.2%), Southeast (3.7%), South (19.6%) and Central-West (7.4%). The positive highlights in April were the increases in the estimates for Pará, of 34.4% or 298,564 tonnes, Tocantins, of 11.3% or 29,962 tonnes, Ceará, of 26.7% or 122,011 tonnes and Paraná, of 2.5% or 71,900 tonnes. The negative highlights were in Piauí, which reported a decline of 12.9% or –208,845 tonnes; Paraíba, decline of 17.1% or –20,684 tonnes; and Pernambuco, decline of 79.4% or –57,701 tonnes.

Rio Grande do Sul is the biggest Brazilian producer of corn - 1st crop, with a share of 20.6% and an estimated output of 5.3 million tonnes, 18.0% higher than the volume produced in the previous year. Although the planted area decreased 11.0%, the average yield grew 31.1% due to the recovery of the production, since the previous harvest faced lack of rainfall in the initial cycle of the crop and excess of rainfall and flood at the end of the cycle.

In Minas Gerais, the second biggest producer of corn - 1st crop in Brazil, the output should reach 4.4 million tonnes, an increase of 5.1% in relation to the volume produced in 2024, with a growth of 2.2% in the area to be harvested and of 2.8% in the average yield. The state has been receiving a fair volume of rainfall, which has been benefiting the crops as a whole.

The production of corn - 2nd crop grew 0.7% in relation to the previous month and 11.6% in relation to the volume produced in this same period in 2024. In relation to March, the area to be harvested increased 0.8% and the average yield declined 0.1%. Compared with the previous year, the area to be harvested grew 4.7% and the average yield, 6.6%.

In relation to the previous month, the estimates grew in Pará (40.2% or 350,950 t), Piauí (8.4% or 38,199 t) and Paraná (1.8% or 287,600 t). The output in Pará should reach 1.2 million tonnes; Piauí, 493.7 thousand tonnes; and Paraná, 16.2 million tonnes. Paraná is the second national producer, with a share of 15.8% of the national production. The estimate grew 1.8% in relation to the previous month and 29.1% in relation to the volume produced in 2024, with the average yield and the area to be harvested increasing 20.7% and 7.0%, respectively, in this last comparison.

Mato Grosso do Sul, the fourth biggest Brazilian producer of corn - 2nd crop, estimated an output of 10.8 million tonnes, an increase of 38.9% in relation to the volume produced in 2024, when the state faced one of the worst droughts over the last years, jeopardizing the production of corn. Mato Grosso, the Federation Unit with the biggest share in the production of corn - 2nd crop, with 46.0% of the total, estimated an output of 47.1 million tonnes, a decline of 0.8% in relation to the volume produced in 2024.

SOYBEAN SEED - The national output should reach a new record in 2025, adding up to 164.2 million tonnes in 2025, a rise of 13.3% compared with the amount obtained in the previous year.

With an annual growth of 24.6% in relation to the previous year, Mato Grosso remains leading the national production, representing more than one quarter of the total amount in 2025. The estimate pointed out to 48.8 million tonnes to be produced in 2025. Paraná showed a slight monthly adjustment, of 0.3% in the volume produced. Goiás also registered a record output, estimated at 19.9 million tonnes, an annual growth of 17.3%. The fast expansion in the output of the state is explained by the background over the last ten years: in this period, the output in Goiás more than doubled, becoming the third Federation Unit in volume of production, whereas the cropped area grew 54.9%.

In Rio Grande do Sul, the figures raised confirmed that the productivity of the crops was severely affected by the harsh weather conditions during the summer period. The average yield in the state retracted 21.7%, directly influencing the production, which added up to 15.0 million tonnes, a value 17.9% lower than the previous harvest, even with the improvement of 4.8% in the harvested area.

In the North Region, responsible for 7.3% of the national harvest, the highest monthly changes were noticed in Pará, which increased its estimates by 7.0%, reaching 4.3 million tonnes, a growth of 4.7% in the planted area and of 2.1% in the average yield. In the Northeast Region, which accounts for 10.2% of the national output, Piauí reduced the production estimate by 12.1%, due to the lower productivity of the crops (-11.0%), affected by the lack of rainfall that affected certain producing regions in the state. In Bahia, the biggest regional producer, the output reached 8.6 million tonnes, an increase of 3.3% in relation to the previous month, due to the better productivity of the crops, configuring a record in production in the state, with a growth of 14.3% in relation to the previous year.

SORGHUM (grain) - The estimate of the output of sorghum was 4.1 million tonnes, a decline of 0.6% in relation to the previous month and a growth of 3.2% in relation to the volume produced in 2024. The estimated production in Piauí declined 43.3%, due to a smaller area to be harvested with the crop (-31.5%) and to the average productivity (-17.1%). The output was estimated at 65.4 thousand tonnes against 115.4 tonnes estimated in March 2025. In Tocantins and Pará, the estimates grew 4.2% and 5.7%, respectively, and should hit 85.4 and 68.9 thousand tonnes. These increases partially offset the reduction occurred in the Northeastern state.

In annual terms, the output in the North (32.7%), Southeast (1.2%), South (1.2%) and Central-West (5.7%) increased and decreased in the Northeast (-16.8%) and South (-1.2%). Goiás is the biggest producer of sorghum, with an estimate of 1.6 million tonnes, accounting for 38.0% of the national output, followed by Minas Gerais, with 1.1 million tonnes and 26.6% of share. Other important producers were: São Paulo, with 460.0 thousand tonnes, Mato Grosso do Sul, with 233.9 thousand tonnes, Mato Grosso, with 230.9 thousand tonnes and Bahia, with 143.0 thousand tonnes.

GRAPE - The Brazilian production of grape should reach 2.1 million tonnes, an increase of 1.9% against the March´s estimate and of 16.7% in relation to the volume produced in 2024. The estimated average yield rose to 25,136 kg/ha, a growth of 0.7% over the previous month and 17.5% above that recorded in 2024, confirming the upward trend of the national productivity. In Rio Grande do Sul, the biggest national producer (46.6% of share), the output remained estimated at 958.0 thousand tonnes in April, a stable result against the previous month and 39.6% higher than the volume in 2024. The average yield hit 20,126 kg/ha, an increase of 40.3%, a result of a harvest benefited by a predominance of a dry weather, which favored the quality of the fruits, highlighted by the sanity, Brix degree and color.